ROUGH DRAFT ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS
Sociological Research Methods
*Note: Some of this information is repeated from other documents in the Module. Some is new*
BEFORE COMPLETING YOUR ROUGH DRAFT YOU MUST:
• Get my feedback from your article summaries (you can start working on your introduction, synthesis, and conclusions sections ahead of time).
• Read the following in Module 3:
§ Writing the Rough Draft – Notes
§ How to Write up the Article Summaries
§ The links to formatting and citation
§ How to paraphrase (if you need help in this area).
§ This document completely
Your Rough Draft must consist of the following organizational elements
• Title Page
• Introduction
• Article Summaries
• Synthesis
• Conclusion
• References
Aside from the Title Page and References, the rest of your paper will be continuous without any breaks between paragraphs or sections.
Formatting Details
• Times New Roman or Ariel, 1-inch margins
• Double Space throughout the entire document
• See the Notes for how to write each section
• See the Notes for the amount you should write for each section
• Proofread for spelling and grammar, sentence structure, flow, etc.
• Paraphrase!
• APA formatting for In-Text citation and Reference List. Don’t need a running head.
Grading
• The rough draft is worth 15 points. The points mainly come from turning it in.
• Full credit will be given to a full rough draft with all parts (as long as it’s readable)
• Outline or bullet points are ok, but you will lose some credit (see below)
• Rubric:
• Full Rough Draft, all parts -0 pts
• Partial Outline/Bullet Points -1-2 pts depending on how much
• Only Outline or Bullet Points -5 pts
• Missing any articles -2 pts each
• Missing Intro, Conclusion, or
Synthesis Sections -2 pts each
*Again, make sure you read all the notes, examples, and instructions posted in Week 3 on how to write your Rough Draft/Literature Review.*
• Everything you need to know about how to write each section is there.
• Your Rough Draft will more valuable to you if you make it as close as possible in format and content to the final draft.
• I will give feedback to let you know where you are on the right track and where you need more work.
• I will also let you know if your Rough Draft is good enough to earn an “A/A+” on the Final Paper. Other than that, I won’t speculate on a grade.
Article Summary/Annotation #1
Your Name:
*The boxes will expand as necessary as you add info
APA CITATION
"Social anxiety and peer relations in early adolescence: Behavioral and cognitive factors"
ABSTRACT (cut and paste here): Abstract This study investigated factors associated with social anxiety during
early adolescence using multiple informants, including self and peer perspectives, teacher ratings, and direct
observations. Negative social performance expectations, maladaptive coping strategies, and social skill decits
were examined as correlates of social anxiety and mediators linking social anxiety with poor peer relations.
Participants were 84 middle school students (47 girls, 37 boys) over-sampled for elevated social anxiety. Analyses
revealed correlations linking social anxiety with decreased peer acceptance and increased peer victimization. Path
analysis indicated that negative social performance expectations and social withdrawal-disengagement accounted
for the association between social anxiety and decreased peer acceptance. Social anxiety, self-directed coping
strategies, and social withdrawal-disengagement were each directly linked with increased peer victimization for
boys. The results replicate ndings based on clinical samples, extend understanding of cognitive, social, and
behavioral factors associated with social anxiety in middle school, and provide new information regarding gender
differences in the correlates of social anxiety.
CENTRAL THEME
Research Question:
(may not be in the form of a
question; what is being studied?)
I am going to study why some people have a hard time getting along
with all types of social groups?
Hypothesis or prediction:
(you may have to pull
this from other information. There
may not be a specific hypothesis. In
that case, what do the authors expect
to find, if anything?)
I am researching this because from what I have witnessed growing up
throughout my life I’ve come across many different types of people and
have always found something in that person to bond about. Some people
have a hard time clicking with others and it could be for many reasons.
VARIABLES
Independent, Dependent, Control
variable(s) and operationalization:
ex., the independent variable is
“education” measured as the
highest level achieved
NOTE: if your study is Descriptive or
Qualitative it may not be easy to figure
out independent/dependent variables.
In this case, just identify the variables.
Independent – where an individual was born , how they were raised or treated
growing up to guide there likes and dislikes throughout their life
Dependent – have these individuals been excluded to society to make and build
friendships or have they just never tried
Control- feelings and social instincts
METHODOLOGY
Sample and sampling; Data
collection or origin; Other
important aspects if applicable
People are, undeniably, more often in groups rather than alone. What
accounts for this marked gregariousness and what does it say about our
psychological makeup? The module then reviews some of the key
findings from studies of groups. Researchers have asked many questions
about people and groups: Do people work as hard as they can when they
are in groups? Are groups more cautious than individuals?
FINDNGS Across individuals, societies, and even eras, humans consistently seek
Only the important one(s) inclusion over exclusion, membership over isolation, and acceptance
over rejection.
STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS
Can be what the author(s) say
and/or what you observe
For example, college students/ and new people sdapting to a city often
feel pressure going out and meeting new people but why is that. Their
comfort zone is a powerful decision on what those people try to
AUTHOR’S CONCLUSIONS:
Major conclusions; was hypothesis
supported? What are implications?
Stage 1 – “Forming”. Members expose information about themselves in
polite but tentative interactions. They explore the purposes of the group
and gather information about each other’s interests, skills, and personal
tendencies.
Stage 2 – “Storming”. Disagreements about procedures and purposes
surface, so criticism and conflict increase. Much of the conflict stems
from challenges between members who are seeking to increase their
status and control in the group.
Stage 3 – “Norming”. Once the group agrees on its goals, procedures,
and leadership, norms, roles, and social relationships develop that
increase the group’s stability and cohesiveness.
Stage 4 – “Performing”. The group focuses its energies and attention on
its goals, displaying higher rates of task-orientation, decision-making,
and problem-solving.
Stage 5 – “Adjourning”. The group prepares to disband by completing its
tasks, reduces levels of dependency among members, and dealing with
any unresolved issues.
YOUR OVERALL REACTION: I personally think that this article is going to help me figure out as to why
individuals have a hard time expanding their horizens and opening up to new
people and in new places.
WHERE DOES THIS FIT IN?
How does this fit into the larger
picture of my lit review and
research question?
It fits in perfectly because it elaborates on how groups are more effective then
just being alone. This will help to answer why individuals have a hard time
getting along with others. No matter what kinds of people I think everyone
should be kind to each other.
Article Summary/Annotation #2 Your Name:
*The boxes will expand as necessary as you add info
APA CITATION
"Understanding the link between social and emotional well-being and peer relations in early adolescence:
Gender-specific predictors of peer acceptance"
Eva Oberle,
Kimberly A. Schonert-Reichl &
Kimberly C. Thomson
ABSTRACT (cut and paste here):
Social anxiety disorder is a common type of anxiety disorder. A person with social anxiety disorder feels
symptoms of anxiety or fear in certain or all social situations, such as meeting new people, dating, being on a
job interview, answering a question in class, or having to talk to a cashier in a store. Doing everyday things in
front of people—such as eating or drinking in front of others or using a public restroom—also causes anxiety
or fear. The person is afraid that he or she will be humiliated, judged, and rejected.
CENTRAL THEME
Research Question:
(may not be in the form of a
question; what is being studied?)
I am going to study why some people have a hard time getting along
with all types of social groups?
Hypothesis or prediction:
(you may have to pull
this from other information. There
may not be a specific hypothesis. In
that case, what do the authors expect
to find, if anything?)
The hypothesis in this article is to let the readers know about social anxiety that
can happen for many reasons. Whether being bullied in high school or just
happy being contact yet overwhelmed around big crowds it is essential we learn
about all different mental stages a person can experience that can predict why
they exclude and isolate themselves from the world.
VARIABLES
Independent, Dependent, Control
variable(s) and operationalization:
ex., the independent variable is
“education” measured as the
highest level achieved
NOTE: if your study is Descriptive or
Qualitative it may not be easy to figure
out independent/dependent variables.
In this case, just identify the variables.
The variebles in this article are medication, support groups, what causes social
anxiety? And how can it be treated.
METHODOLOGY
Sample and sampling; Data
collection or origin; Other
important aspects if applicable
Social anxiety disorder (also called social phobia) is a mental health
condition. It is an intense, persistent fear of being watched and judged by
others. This fear can affect work, school, and your other day-to-day
activities. It can even make it hard to make and keep friends. But social
anxiety disorder doesn’t have to stop you from reaching your potential.
Treatment can help you overcome your symptoms.
FINDNGS
Only the important one(s) When having to perform in front of or be around others, people with
social anxiety disorder tend to:
Blush, sweat, tremble, feel a rapid heart rate, or feel their “mind
going blank”
Feel nauseous or sick to their stomach
Show a rigid body posture, make little eye contact, or speak with
an overly soft voice
Find it scary and difficult to be with other people, especially
those they don’t already know, and have a hard time talking to
them even though they wish they could
Be very self-conscious in front of other people and feel
embarrassed and awkward
Be very afraid that other people will judge them
Stay away from places where there are other people
STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS
Can be what the author(s) say
and/or what you observe
The author mentions alternatives to solve the social anxiety disorder by
mentioning different types of support groups and therapists and medication to
look into and gives the overall definition of what social anxiety is
AUTHOR’S CONCLUSIONS:
Major conclusions; was hypothesis
supported? What are implications?
The author concludes with resources to guide a person struggling with social
anxiety.
YOUR OVERALL REACTION: I think this article will help me with my research as to why some people have a
hard time getting along with others and social anxiety is a huge factor that
could be a part of the reason they do not bond with most people they come
across in their life
WHERE DOES THIS FIT IN?
How does this fit into the larger
picture of my lit review and
research question?
I think this article will help me with my research as to why some people have a
hard time getting along with others and social anxiety is a huge factor that
could be a part of the reason they do not bond with most people they come
across in their life
Article Summary/Annotation #3 Your Name:
*The boxes will expand as necessary as you add info
APA CITATION
"The role of individual factors in friendship formation: Considering shyness, self-esteem, social skills, and defensive
pessimism"
Haruka Shimizu,Ken'ichiro Nakashima,Yasuko Morinaga Japanese psychological research, 01/2019, Volume 61, Issue 1
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of individual factors on the process of friendship formation.
According to previous studies, it is possible to predict how those individual factors affect state of anxiety, behavior, and
friendships of university freshmen when the factors work independently. However, some studies have indicated
correlations between these factors. For example, reflection and pessimistic thinking leading to defensive pessimism are
negatively related to self-esteem and positively related to shyness (Shimizu et al., 2016). Moreover, it is indicated that
shyness has negative correlation with self-esteem and social skills (Aikawa, 1991). To suit our purpose, we predict how
these individual factors affect the process of friendship formation of university freshmen in daily situations where these
factors work together and influence an individual's emotion and behavior simultaneously. However, there are no studies
that comprehensively examine the effect of these factors on friendship formation. Therefore, it is difficult to predict how
each factor affects friendship formation when controlling for these correlations. Hence, in this article, we carry out an
exploratory examination without any detailed predict
CENTRAL Time
Research Question:
(may not be in the form of a
question; what is being studied?)
I am going to study why some people have a hard time getting along
with all types of social groups?
Hypothesis or prediction:
(you may have to pull
this from other information. There
may not be a specific hypothesis. In
that case, what do the authors expect
to find, if anything?)
Groups Produce Conformity
Groups Police Behavior
Groups Normalize Behaviors
Groups Intensify Attitudes
Leaders Make a Difference
VARIABLES
Independent, Dependent, Control
variable(s) and operationalization:
ex., the independent variable is
“education” measured as the
highest level achieved
NOTE: if your study is Descriptive or
Qualitative it may not be easy to figure
out independent/dependent variables.
In this case, just identify the variables.
Independent variable – social phycology measered by the conformity of an
individual
Dependent variable- measuring the results of how many people struggle with
keeping relationships. The lifespan of their relationships, all depending on. The
switch up of the scenario
Control variable- all variebles we keep the same between groups, controlled
variebles. A group of anti-social people and social groups.
Operationalization – Matching social and anti social people together and seeing
how they act and if they bond
METHODOLOGY
Sample and sampling; Data
collection or origin; Other
important aspects if applicable
Numerous studies have found that we often decide how to act based on
how those around us are acting. 3 To put it another way, if the group says
a behavior is okay, we are likely to believe it is, indeed, okay. This is
called normalization, and it goes deeper than mere conformity. With
conformity, we follow a group’s norms for the sake of getting along.
When a specific behavior is normalized in us, we believe it to be normal
and proper, which bonds us strongly to groups that believe the same.
Depending on what’s being normalized, normalization can either be
positive (eating healthy is normal) or negative (using drugs is normal).
If you join a group of people with opinions similar to your own, your
opinions are likely to intensify. Social scientists call this polarization and
have observed the phenomenon in multiple studies. 2 It’s particularly
prevalent when people with similar political opinions come together, but
it can happen any time all the members of a group share a similar attitude
toward a subject. Polarization occurs because, when our opinions are
reinforced by others, we become more certain that our opinions are right
and less aware of counterarguments.
FINDNGS
Only the important one(s)
Have you ever gone along with the crowd only to end up doing
something you regretted? Have you ever joined a team and embraced
challenges you would have never embraced on your own? In both cases,
being part of a group changed the way you made decisions.
STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS
Can be what the author(s) say
and/or what you observe
Groups help people step outside their comfort zone, But only to a point where
that person stats to feel uncomfortable due to social anxiety and wanting to be
alone. But why?
AUTHOR’S CONCLUSIONS:
Major conclusions; was hypothesis
supported? What are implications?
Most groups have leaders, and those leaders can play a significant role in
whether a group supports positive behaviors or negative ones. Bad
leaders gain personal power by exploiting our urge to conform, using
fear of ostracization (and worse) to motivate action, normalizing
unethical behavior to justify their own misdeeds, and/or stifling dissent
in order to make their opinions the only opinions. Good leaders,
however, can use the ways groups influence behavior to help group
members improve themselves and help the group improve an
organization or society as a whole.
YOUR OVERALL REACTION: I think after reading this article it makes a lot of valid points that groups with
positive leaders help individuals who have social shyness step outside their
comfort zone but if you are around a bad leader and a bad team it can make you
want to not be engaged in that group
WHERE DOES THIS FIT IN?
How does this fit into the larger
picture of my lit review and
research question?
This fits in with my study to find out why some people isolate themselves to
social groups.