1. What are the prezygotic barriers?
2. What are the postzygotic barriers?
3. Describe habitat isolation in simple terms.
4. Describe temporal isolation in simple terms.
5. Describe behavioral isolation in simple terms.
6. Describe mechanical isolation in simple terms.
7. Describe gametic isolation in simple terms.
8. Describe reduced hybrid fertility in simple terms.
9. Describe reduced hybrid viability in simple terms.
10. Describe hybrid breakdown in simple terms.
11. What are the two types of speciation?
12. Describe allopatric speciation in simple terms.
13. Describe sympatric speciation in simple terms.
14. What is instantaneous speciation?
15. What is an example of instantaneous speciation?
16. Describe spatial partitioning.
17. What kind of pattern do we see with Darwin’s origin of species?
18. What kind of pattern do we see in the fossil record?
19. What percentage of species have gone extinct?
20. How do you increase biodiversity?
21. How do you decrease speciation?
22. What percentage of all organisms that are animals are invertebrates?
23. What are the characteristics of animals?
24. What are the basic steps of animal development?
25. What is the skin composed of?
26. What type of tissue makes up the inner cheek?
27. What type of tissue makes up muscles and bone?
28. How can animals be characterized?
29. What is the coelom?
30. What do choanocytes do in sponges?
31. What do amoebocytes do in sponges?
32. What two tissue layers do cnidarians have?
33. How many openings does the gastrovascular cavity of cnidarians have?
34. What does “loophole” stand for?
35. What does “trophy” stand for?
36. What are the simplest examples of bilateral animals?
37. What group do flatworms belong to?
38. Most insects belong to which group?
39. What group of animals have the most species?
40. What feature of insects allows for a lot of diversity?
41. What features make up a deuterostome?
42. What are antibiotics?
43. What counters the tendency for natural selection to reduce variation in a population?
44. What helps prevent eukaryotic populations from becoming genetically uniform?
45. In a heterozygote, what protects a recessive allele?
46. Define balancing selection.
47. Define heterozygote advantage.
48. What are the general rules of natural selection?
49. What features distinguish animals of the phylum Chordata?
50. Which type of symmetry is seen in the majority of active predators?
51. Which group does a lancelet belong to?
52. What is the Cambrian Chordata from 505 million years ago?
53. What are vertebrates with no jaw but a vertebral column?
54. What do jawed vertebrates with gills and paired fins include?
55. What are osteichthyes?
56. What organisms are in Actinopterygii?
57. What organisms are in sarcopterygian?
58. What type of fish developed onto land?
59. What do amphibians rely on water for?
60. What groups make up anthropoids?
61. What group is in hominoids?
62. What groups are in hominids?
63. What is a hominin?
64. How many years has it been since humans split from chimpanzees?
65. What groups do humans consist of?
66. What is the first sign of a bipedal organism?
67. What is the first sign of tool use?
68. What is the first sign of migration?
69. What came first, bipedalism or larger brains?
70. What do larger brains mark the evolution of?
71. Define speciation.
72. What happens to the diversity of life each time speciation occurs?
73. Define biological species concept.
74. What unites members of a biological species?
75. Define reproductive isolation.
76. What are hybrids?
77. What are the problems with the biological species concept?
78. What is classification based mainly on for most organisms?
79. Define morphological species concept.
80. What concept has been used to identify most named species?
81. What is the advantage of the morphological species concept?
82. What is the disadvantage of the morphological species concept?
83. Define ecological species concept.
84. Define phylogenetic species concept.
85. How do biologists trace the phylogenetic history of species?
86. Define allopatric speciation.
87. How large must a geographic barrier be to interrupt gene flow between allopatric populations?
88. Does geographic isolation necessarily lead to new species?
89. When does speciation occur?
90. Define sympatric speciation.
